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Theory of Alienation in the 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscript and Its Modern Value2023-05-10 20:24Source:Social Science Research Forum
Theory of Alienation in the 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscript and Its Modern Value Huafang Li School of Marxism, East China Normal University, Shanghai Abstract: Marx’s attitude toward “alienation” (Estrangement) is to “receive and abandon” it. It has its own evaluated scale. Under the private ownership, the divine power of money, in capitalist society, is an important factor that leads to alienation. To grasp the theory of alienation in Marx’s 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscript, the complete human beings must be the research foundation. The article summarizes the evaluation criteria of alienation as ineradicable and transformable; the capitalists are included in the scope of alienation as well. By analyzing them in terms of “acquisition of wages” and “utilization of wages”, it points out the fact that capitalists and workers are mutually alienated beings. Besides, it reveals that the more the capitalist exploits the laborer, the more he himself can only survive in the form of “parasitism”; the more the laborer’s species-being nature can only be maintained to survive, the more he consolidates the capitalist’s right to parasitism. The study of alienation theory provides us with a powerful weapon to criticize Western social trends, and also provides a reference for the construction of an autonomous knowledge system in China; from the theoretical study, it enhances our consciousness of solving problems dialectically, and with a developmental perspective as well. Besides, it provides us new ideas for thinking about the relationship between man and nature, giving new perspectives on how to achieve free and comprehensive development of man. Keywords: Alienation (Estrangement), Complete Human Being, 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscript, Human and Nature, Free and Comprehensive Human Development 《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的“异化”理论及其当代价值 李花芳 华东师范大学马克思主义学院，上海 摘要: 马克思对异化持“扬弃”态度，异化应有其评价尺度；私有制下的资本主义社会，货币神力是导致异化的重要因素。要掌握马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的异化理论，必须将“完整的人”作为研究出发点。文章总结了异化的不可消除性、可转化性等评价尺度，将资本家纳入异化对象的范围，从“工资的获得”和“工资的利用”方面分析，指出资本家与劳动者互为异化的存在这一事实，揭示资本主义社会中异化消极面始终存在的原因：资本家越剥削劳动者，他自身就越只能以“寄生”的形式生存；劳动者的类本质越只能维持生存，他就越巩固资本家寄生的权利。研究异化理论，为我们批判西方社会思潮提供了有力武器，也为中国建构自主的知识体系提供借鉴意义；用理论联系实际，增强了我们用辩证与发展的目光看待问题的意识，也为如何思考人与自然的关系、如何实现人的自由而全面发展提供了新视角。 关键词: 异化；完整的人；《1844年经济学哲学手稿》；人与自然；人的自由而全面发展
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